DAP4: DDX Lexical Elements: Difference between revisions
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This document describes the lexical elements that occur in | |||
the DAP4 grammar. It is expected that this definition will end | |||
up in the DAP4 specification document. It is also expected that | |||
it will be implemented by server and client code using some equivalent | |||
regular expression mechanism. | |||
Within the | |||
[http://dl.dropbox.com/u/53929684/xsd.rng Relax-NG (rng) DAP4 grammar], | |||
there are markers for occurrences of | |||
primitive type such as integers, floats, or strings. The | |||
markers typically look like this when defining an attribute | |||
that can occur in the DAP4 DDX. | |||
<pre><attribute name="namespace"><data type="string"/></attribute></pre> | |||
The "<data type="string"/>" | |||
specifies the lexical class for the values that this | |||
attribute can have. In this case, the namespace attribute is | |||
defined to have a String value. Similar notation is used | |||
for values occurring as text within an xml element. The | |||
lexical specification later in this document defines the | |||
legal lexical structure for such lexical items. | |||
Specifically, it defines the format of the following lexical | |||
items. | |||
# Constants, namely: string, float, integer, and character. | |||
# Identifiers | |||
The specification is written using the | |||
ISO/IEC 9945-2:2003 Information technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) -- Part 2: System Interfaces (see [http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ic/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=38790]). | |||
This is the extended Posix regular expression specification. | |||
I have augmented it in the following ways. | |||
#Names are assigned to regular expressions using the notation<br>''name = regular-expression'' | |||
#Named expressions can be used in subsequent regular expressions by using the notation {name}. Such occurrences are equivalent to textually substituting the expression associated with name for the {name} occurrence: More or less like a macro. | |||
===DAP4 Lexical elements=== | |||
Notes: | |||
#The definition of {UTF8} is deferred to the next section. | |||
#Comments are indicated using the "//" notation. | |||
#Standard xml escape formats (&xDD) are assumed to be allowed anywhere. | |||
''- | '''Basic character set definitions'''<br> | ||
<pre> | |||
CONTROLS = [\x00-\x1F] // ASCII control characters | |||
WHITESPACE = [ \r\t\f]+ | |||
HEXCHAR = [0-9a-zA-Z] | |||
// ASCII printable characters | |||
ASCII = [0-9a-zA-Z !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\\]\\^_`|{}~] | |||
</pre> | |||
'''Ascii characters that may appear unescaped in Identifiers'''<br> | |||
This is assumed to be basically all ASCII printable characters | |||
except the characters ' ', '.', '/', '"', ' ' ', and '&'. | |||
Occurrences of these characters are assumed to be representable | |||
using the standard xml '&xx;' notation. | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
IDASCII = [0-9a-zA-Z!#$%'()*+,-:;<=>?@[\\\]\\^_`|{}~] | |||
</pre> | |||
'''The numeric classes: integer and float'''<br> | |||
<pre> | |||
INTEGER = {INT}|{UINT}|{HEXINT} | |||
INT = [+-][0-9]+{INTTYPE}? | |||
UINT = [0-9]+{INTTYPE}? | |||
HEXINT = {HEXSTRING}{INTTYPE}? | |||
INTTYPE = ([BbSsLl]|"ll"|"LL") | |||
HEXSTRING = (0[xX]{HEXCHAR}+) | |||
</pre> | |||
FLOAT = ({MANTISSA}{EXPONENT}?)|{NANINF} | |||
EXPONENT = ([eE][+-]?[0-9]+) | |||
MANTISSA = [+-]?[0-9]*\.[0-9]* | |||
NANINF = (-?inf|nan|NaN) | |||
</pre> | |||
'''The Character classes'''<br> | |||
<pre> | |||
STRING = ([^"\&]|{XMLESCAPE})* | |||
CHARACTER = ([^'\&]|{XMLESCAPE}) | |||
</pre> | |||
Note that ASCII | Note that the character type only supports ASCII characters because | ||
it can only hold a single 8-bit byte. | |||
The | '''The Identifier class'''<br> | ||
<pre> | |||
ID = {IDCHAR}+ | |||
IDCHAR = ({IDASCII}|{XMLESCAPE}|{UTF8}) | |||
XMLESCAPE = &x{HEXCHAR}{HEXCHAR}; | |||
</pre> | |||
Note that the above lexical element classes are not | |||
disjoint. For example, the sequence of characters 1234 can | |||
be either an identifer,a float, or an integer. So the order | |||
of testing is assumed to be this. | |||
#INTEGER | |||
#FLOAT | |||
#ID | |||
#STRING | |||
===UTF-8 Character Encodings=== | |||
We discuss UTF-8 character encoding in the context | |||
of this document: [http://www.w3.org/2005/03/23-lex-U]. | |||
The most correct (validating) version of UTF8 character set is as follows. | |||
<pre> | |||
UTF8 = ([\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]) | |||
| (\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]) | |||
| ([\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]) | |||
| (\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]) | |||
| ([\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]) | |||
| (\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]) | |||
| ([\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]) | |||
| (\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]) | |||
</pre> | |||
The lines of the expression cover the UTF8 characters as follows: | |||
# non-overlong 2-byte | |||
# excluding overlongs | |||
# straight 3-byte | |||
# excluding surrogates | |||
# straight 3-byte | |||
# planes 1-3 | |||
# planes 4-15 | |||
# plane 16 | |||
Note that ASCII and control characters are not included. | |||
The above reference also defines some alternative regular expressions. | |||
The most relaxed version of UTF8 is this. | |||
<pre> | |||
UTF8 = ([\xC0-\xD6].) | |||
|([\xE0-\xEF]..) | |||
|([\xF0-\xF7]...) | |||
</pre> | |||
The partially relaxed version of UTF8 is this. | |||
<pre> | |||
UTF8 = ([\xC0-\xD6][\x80-\xBF]) | |||
| ([\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]) | |||
| ([\xF0-\xF7][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]) | |||
</pre> | |||
We deem it acceptable to use this last relaxed expression | |||
for validating UTF-8 character strings. | |||
Revision as of 17:30, 28 March 2012
This document describes the lexical elements that occur in the DAP4 grammar. It is expected that this definition will end up in the DAP4 specification document. It is also expected that it will be implemented by server and client code using some equivalent regular expression mechanism.
Within the Relax-NG (rng) DAP4 grammar, there are markers for occurrences of primitive type such as integers, floats, or strings. The markers typically look like this when defining an attribute that can occur in the DAP4 DDX.
<attribute name="namespace"><data type="string"/></attribute>
The "<data type="string"/>" specifies the lexical class for the values that this attribute can have. In this case, the namespace attribute is defined to have a String value. Similar notation is used for values occurring as text within an xml element. The lexical specification later in this document defines the legal lexical structure for such lexical items. Specifically, it defines the format of the following lexical items.
- Constants, namely: string, float, integer, and character.
- Identifiers
The specification is written using the ISO/IEC 9945-2:2003 Information technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) -- Part 2: System Interfaces (see [1]). This is the extended Posix regular expression specification.
I have augmented it in the following ways.
- Names are assigned to regular expressions using the notation
name = regular-expression - Named expressions can be used in subsequent regular expressions by using the notation {name}. Such occurrences are equivalent to textually substituting the expression associated with name for the {name} occurrence: More or less like a macro.
DAP4 Lexical elements
Notes:
- The definition of {UTF8} is deferred to the next section.
- Comments are indicated using the "//" notation.
- Standard xml escape formats (&xDD) are assumed to be allowed anywhere.
Basic character set definitions
CONTROLS = [\x00-\x1F] // ASCII control characters WHITESPACE = [ \r\t\f]+ HEXCHAR = [0-9a-zA-Z] // ASCII printable characters ASCII = [0-9a-zA-Z !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\\]\\^_`|{}~]
Ascii characters that may appear unescaped in Identifiers
This is assumed to be basically all ASCII printable characters
except the characters ' ', '.', '/', '"', ' ' ', and '&'.
Occurrences of these characters are assumed to be representable
using the standard xml '&xx;' notation.
IDASCII = [0-9a-zA-Z!#$%'()*+,-:;<=>?@[\\\]\\^_`|{}~]
The numeric classes: integer and float
INTEGER = {INT}|{UINT}|{HEXINT} INT = [+-][0-9]+{INTTYPE}? UINT = [0-9]+{INTTYPE}? HEXINT = {HEXSTRING}{INTTYPE}? INTTYPE = ([BbSsLl]|"ll"|"LL") HEXSTRING = (0[xX]{HEXCHAR}+)
FLOAT = ({MANTISSA}{EXPONENT}?)|{NANINF} EXPONENT = ([eE][+-]?[0-9]+) MANTISSA = [+-]?[0-9]*\.[0-9]* NANINF = (-?inf|nan|NaN)
The Character classes
STRING = ([^"\&]|{XMLESCAPE})* CHARACTER = ([^'\&]|{XMLESCAPE})
Note that the character type only supports ASCII characters because it can only hold a single 8-bit byte.
The Identifier class
ID = {IDCHAR}+ IDCHAR = ({IDASCII}|{XMLESCAPE}|{UTF8}) XMLESCAPE = &x{HEXCHAR}{HEXCHAR};
Note that the above lexical element classes are not disjoint. For example, the sequence of characters 1234 can be either an identifer,a float, or an integer. So the order of testing is assumed to be this.
- INTEGER
- FLOAT
- ID
- STRING
UTF-8 Character Encodings
We discuss UTF-8 character encoding in the context of this document: [2].
The most correct (validating) version of UTF8 character set is as follows.
UTF8 = ([\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]) | (\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]) | ([\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]) | (\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]) | ([\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]) | (\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]) | ([\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]) | (\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])
The lines of the expression cover the UTF8 characters as follows:
- non-overlong 2-byte
- excluding overlongs
- straight 3-byte
- excluding surrogates
- straight 3-byte
- planes 1-3
- planes 4-15
- plane 16
Note that ASCII and control characters are not included.
The above reference also defines some alternative regular expressions.
The most relaxed version of UTF8 is this.
UTF8 = ([\xC0-\xD6].) |([\xE0-\xEF]..) |([\xF0-\xF7]...)
The partially relaxed version of UTF8 is this.
UTF8 = ([\xC0-\xD6][\x80-\xBF]) | ([\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]) | ([\xF0-\xF7][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])
We deem it acceptable to use this last relaxed expression for validating UTF-8 character strings.